A sputum test, also known as a sputum culture, is a test that your doctor may order to determine what is growing in your lungs if you have a respiratory tract infection or another lung-related disorder. Sputum is a thick substance that forms when bacteria or fungi multiply and grow in the lungs or bronchi. The growing substance can make breathing difficult and cause coughing as it accumulates. Bronchitis, lung abscess, pneumonia, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis can all be diagnosed with a sputum test. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can all cause respiratory problems. Your doctor can treat your condition more effectively if he or she understands the cause of your symptoms. A sputum test may be required if you have any of the following symptoms: Cough, fever, chills, fatigue, muscle aches, breathing difficulties, chest pain, and confusion. During a sputum test, you will be asked to cough deeply enough to produce a large amount of sputum for your doctor to examine. The most difficult aspect of the test is generating a sample size large enough to test. Saliva from the upper airways is ineffective for this test. Your doctor will examine the color of your sample to determine what is wrong with you. Sputum that is off-white, yellow, or green may indicate pneumonia or bronchitis.
Red or rusty can indicate a more serious condition that necessitates additional testing. Grey or back can indicate that you are a smoker or work in a smoky environment (like a coal mine).
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