An ultrasound scan creates an image of a person's internal body structures by using high-frequency sound waves. Ultrasound is commonly used by doctors to examine a developing fetus (unborn baby), a person's abdominal and pelvic organs, muscles and tendons, or heart and blood vessels. An ultrasound scan is also known as a sonogram or (when imaging the heart) an echocardiogram. High-frequency sound waves are directed at the internal body structures being examined by the ultrasound machine. The echoes, or reflected sounds, are recorded to create an image that can be viewed on a monitor. Sound waves are sent and received by a small, handheld probe. Because of the high frequency of the sound, the human ear cannot hear it, hence the name ultrasound. Ultrasound scans are typically non-invasive (done from outside the body). Some scans, however, are performed with a special probe inserted into the person's vagina (for some obstetric or pelvic examinations), rectum (for some prostate examinations), or esophagus (for some heart examinations). Ultrasound scanning is sometimes used by doctors to monitor and guide invasive procedures such as a biopsy of a person's breast or thyroid gland.
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