A sputum test, also known as a sputum culture, is a test that your doctor may order if you have a respiratory tract infection or another lung-related disorder to determine what is growing in your lungs. Sputum is a thick substance produced by bacteria or fungi as they multiply and grow in the lungs or bronchi. As the substance accumulates, it can make breathing difficult and cause coughing. A sputum test can diagnose bronchitis, lung abscess, pneumonia, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. Respiratory problems can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. If your doctor understands the cause of your symptoms, he or she will be able to treat your condition more effectively. If you have any of the following symptoms, a sputum test may be required: cough, fever, chills, fatigue, muscle aches, breathing difficulties, chest pain, and confusion. You will be asked to cough deeply enough to produce a large amount of sputum for your doctor to examine during a sputum test. The most difficult aspect of the test is generating a large enough sample size to test. This test is ineffective with saliva from the upper airways. Your doctor will look at the color of your sample to figure out what's wrong with you. Off-white, yellow, or green sputum may indicate pneumonia or bronchitis. Red or rusty can indicate a more serious condition that requires further investigation. Grey or back may indicate that you smoke or work in a smoke-filled environment.
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